Ever wondered who maintains the massive firepower aboard Navy vessels?
Behind every missile launch and naval gun stands a Gunner’s Mate – the weapons specialists who ensure America’s maritime arsenal remains combat-ready.
For those seeking technical expertise without full-time military commitment, the Navy Reserve GM path offers a compelling blend of civilian life and naval service.
Job Role and Responsibilities
A Navy Reserve Gunner’s Mate (GM) operates and maintains guided missile launching systems and gun mounts and repairs torpedoes and small arms during part-time Naval Reserve Component service which usually requires one weekend monthly and two weeks yearly.
Daily Tasks
Drill Weekend Duties: Precision in Limited Hours
- Weapons System Inspections
Every drill cycle starts with gear checks. From missile tubes to 5-inch guns to M9 pistols, Reserve GMs perform full visual and functional inspections to catch wear, damage, or misalignment early. - Troubleshooting Critical Systems
Electrical glitches. Hydraulic lag. Pneumatic irregularities. GMs isolate and correct failures before they escalate—often without support from large maintenance teams. - Ordnance & Magazine Maintenance
Ammunition storage demands exact standards. GMs verify magazine security, climate controls, and handling gear integrity to maintain safe, ready stockpiles. - Weapons Safety Training
GMs lead instruction on safe weapons handling, emergency stoppage procedures, and live-fire range protocols—often training junior sailors or cross-rate personnel. - Technical Documentation
Maintenance isn’t official until it’s logged. Every inspection, repair, and weapons test gets entered into technical records that feed into readiness reporting. - Combat Simulations & Qualifications
Reserve GMs regularly run combat drills and live-fire exercises, qualifying on multiple weapons systems under time and accuracy constraints.
Annual Training: Active-Duty Tempo, Compressed Timeline
During two-week Annual Training (AT), Reserve GMs may embark on ships or report to fleet weapons detachments ashore. The workload mirrors that of active-duty teams—but in accelerated cycles:
- Assist in shipboard weapons checks prior to deployments
- Perform high-tempo maintenance evolutions on combat systems
- Support ordnance load-outs and ammunition transfers
- Participate in integrated training alongside active-duty units
Specific Roles
The GM rating includes several specialized Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) codes:
| NEC Code | Specialization | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0812 | Small Arms Technician | Maintains, repairs, and instructs on pistols, rifles, and machine guns |
| 0866 | Mk 45 Gun Mount Technician | Services 5-inch naval gun systems and fire control equipment |
| 0986 | Vertical Launch Systems (VLS) | Maintains missile launching systems for Tomahawk and SM-2 missiles |
| 0987 | Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) | Services Phalanx rapid-fire defense systems |
| 0989 | Torpedo Maintenance Technician | Maintains underwater weapons systems |
Mission Contribution
Reserve Gunner’s Mates contribute significantly to the Navy’s overall mission by:
- Ensuring rapid mobilization capability for weapons systems during national emergencies
- Maintaining critical ordnance expertise in the civilian sector
- Supporting fleet readiness through periodic active-duty augmentation
- Providing specialized weapons knowledge to Naval Operational Support Centers
- Serving as technical advisors during multinational exercises and operations
Technology and Equipment
GMs work with an impressive array of advanced systems:
- Guided missile launching systems (Mk 41 VLS, Harpoon, ESSM)
- Naval gun mounts (Mk 45 5-inch, Mk 38 25mm)
- Small arms (M4, M9, M240B, .50 cal)
- Fire control systems with radar integration
- Hydraulic, pneumatic, and electronic test equipment
- Ammunition handling equipment and magazine sprinkler systems
- Technical documentation systems and maintenance databases
Reserve GMs also gain experience with emerging technologies like electromagnetic railguns and directed energy weapons during specialized training courses.
Work Environment
Setting and Schedule
The Reserve GM’s work environment varies significantly between drill weekends and annual training:
Monthly Drills:
- Primarily conducted at Naval Operational Support Centers (NOSCs)
- Indoor classroom and workshop environments for technical training
- Occasional range time for weapons qualification
- Standard schedule of 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM Saturday and Sunday
Annual Training:
- Often aboard naval vessels or at shore maintenance facilities
- May involve at-sea operations in various climate conditions
- Potential for extended hours during critical maintenance periods
- Typically scheduled during summer months to accommodate civilian careers
Leadership and Communication
Reserve GMs operate within a structured chain of command:
- Junior GMs (E-1 to E-4) report to Leading Petty Officers (E-5/E-6)
- Division Chiefs (E-7) oversee departmental operations
- Command Master Chiefs provide senior enlisted guidance
- Reserve Unit Commanding Officers maintain ultimate authority
Performance feedback occurs through:
- Monthly counseling during drill weekends
- Annual performance evaluations (EVAL/FITREP)
- Immediate feedback during practical exercises
- Formal career development boards every six months
Team Dynamics and Autonomy
The GM rating balances teamwork and individual responsibility:
- Critical maintenance procedures require multiple technicians working in coordination
- Safety protocols mandate buddy systems for ammunition handling
- Junior GMs typically work under direct supervision
- Senior GMs (E-5+) enjoy greater autonomy in troubleshooting and repair decisions
- Independent study and qualification is expected between drill weekends
Job Satisfaction and Retention
The GM rating maintains above-average retention rates in the Reserve component:
- Approximately 67% of first-term GMs reenlist for a second obligation
- Technical skills that transfer to civilian employment drive satisfaction
- Camaraderie among weapons specialists creates strong unit cohesion
- Success metrics include advancement rates, qualification completions, and mobilization readiness
Training and Skill Development
Initial Training
All Navy Reserve Gunner’s Mates complete a structured training pipeline:
| Training Phase | Duration | Location | Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recruit Training | 9 weeks | Great Lakes, IL | Military fundamentals, discipline, basic seamanship |
| “A” School | 15-17 weeks | Great Lakes, IL | Weapons fundamentals, electrical/mechanical systems, safety protocols |
| On-the-Job Training | 12 months | Assigned NOSC | Rating-specific qualifications under mentorship |
The GM “A” School curriculum includes:
- Electrical and electronic fundamentals
- Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
- Weapons safety and ammunition handling
- Technical manual interpretation
- Preventive and corrective maintenance procedures
- Troubleshooting methodologies
Advanced Training
Reserve GMs can pursue numerous specialized training opportunities:
- “C” School courses for specific weapons systems (2-8 weeks)
- Navy Credentialing Opportunities Online (COOL) certifications
- Advanced small arms instructor qualification
- Explosive handling certification
- Advanced electronics and hydraulics training
- Leadership development courses at the Senior Enlisted Academy
The Navy supports professional development through:
- Tuition Assistance for civilian education
- Credentialing programs aligned with civilian certifications
- Cross-training opportunities with other military branches
- Advanced technical schools during active duty periods
Physical Demands and Medical Evaluations
Physical Requirements
Gunner’s Mates face moderate physical demands:
- Lifting requirements of up to 70 pounds (ammunition components)
- Extended standing during maintenance procedures
- Occasional work in confined spaces aboard ships
- Manual dexterity for precision adjustments
- Potential exposure to extreme temperatures in shipboard environments
The 2025 Physical Readiness Test (PRT) minimum standards for GMs:
| Gender | Age Group | Push-ups | Sit-ups | 1.5-Mile Run |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 17-19 | 42 | 50 | 12:30 |
| Female | 17-19 | 19 | 50 | 15:00 |
Medical Evaluations
Reserve GMs undergo periodic medical assessments:
- Annual Periodic Health Assessment (PHA)
- Five-year comprehensive physical examination
- Hearing conservation program with annual audiograms
- Vision screening (normal color perception required)
- Pre-mobilization medical screening when activated
Deployment and Duty Stations
Deployment Details
Reserve GMs face varying deployment possibilities:
- Typical mobilization likelihood: 15-20% during a 6-year contract
- Deployment duration: 6-12 months when activated
- Locations include both overseas combat zones and domestic assignments
- Shorter voluntary deployments (1-3 months) often available
Location Flexibility
Reserve duty stations offer considerable geographic flexibility:
- Over 120 Naval Operational Support Centers nationwide
- Assignment typically based on proximity to residence
- Cross-assignment to other NOSCs possible with approval
- Annual training locations determined by unit mission and individual qualifications
- Special requests considered based on civilian employment constraints
Career Progression and Advancement
Career Path
The Reserve GM career progression follows a structured timeline:
| Paygrade | Time in Service | Typical Responsibilities |
|---|---|---|
| E-1 to E-3 | 0-2 years | Basic maintenance, ammunition handling |
| E-4 (GM3) | 2-4 years | System-specific maintenance, team member |
| E-5 (GM2) | 4-6 years | Work center supervisor, technical expert |
| E-6 (GM1) | 6-12 years | Division leader, instructor, inspector |
| E-7 (GMC) | 12-16 years | Department head, program manager |
| E-8 (GMCS) | 16-20 years | Senior enlisted leader, command advisor |
| E-9 (GMCM) | 20+ years | Command Master Chief, policy developer |
Advancement opportunities include:
- Competitive advancement through Navy-wide exams
- Performance-based evaluations
- Required leadership courses at each level
- Specialized NECs that enhance promotion potential
Role Flexibility and Transfers
The Navy Reserve offers several pathways for career transitions:
- Lateral conversion to related ratings (Electrician’s Mate, Fire Controlman)
- Conditional release for inter-service transfer
- Active duty opportunities through the Active Reserve (AR) program
- Special program applications (recruiting, instructor duty)
The formal process involves:
- Career Development Board consultation
- Command endorsement
- Rating detailer coordination
- Potential conversion training requirements
Performance Evaluation
Reserve GMs are evaluated through the Navy’s Performance Evaluation System:
- Annual EVAL/FITREP reports
- Ranking against peers in similar positions
- Five performance traits: Professional Knowledge, Quality of Work, Military Bearing, Personal Initiative, and Teamwork
- Narrative comments highlighting specific accomplishments
- Recommendations for advancement and special programs
Keys to success in the GM rating include:
- Consistent technical proficiency demonstrated during drills
- Pursuit of additional qualifications between drill weekends
- Volunteer opportunities for extended active duty periods
- Civilian education aligned with military specialization
- Mentorship of junior personnel
Compensation, Benefits, and Lifestyle
Financial Benefits
Reserve GMs receive compensation based on rank and service time:
| Pay Grade | <2 Years (Monthly Drill Pay) | 4 Years (Monthly Drill Pay) | 8 Years (Monthly Drill Pay) |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-3 | $292.16 | $348.72 | $348.72 |
| E-4 | $323.68 | $394.24 | $411.36 |
| E-5 | $353.12 | $429.76 | $459.20 |
| E-6 | $385.28 | $471.52 | $493.12 |
| E-7 | $445.44 | $527.36 | $548.96 |
Note: 2025 rates incorporate the 4.5% baseline increase plus targeted 10% enhancement for junior enlisted (E-1 to E-4)
Additional financial incentives include:
- Prior-service enlistment bonuses (up to $15,000 for 6-year contracts)
- Special duty assignment pay for designated billets
- Travel reimbursement for drills beyond 150 miles
- Per diem during annual training periods
- Tax advantages for certain military compensation
Additional Benefits
Reserve GMs access comprehensive benefits:
- Healthcare: TRICARE Reserve Select ($48.47/month for individual coverage)
- Education: Montgomery GI Bill-Selected Reserve, Post-9/11 GI Bill eligibility
- Retirement: Blended Retirement System with TSP matching after 20 qualifying years
- Insurance: Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance at favorable rates
- Housing: VA Home Loan eligibility after 6 qualifying years
- Retail: Commissary and Exchange privileges during drill periods
Work-Life Balance
The Reserve component offers structured flexibility:
- Predictable drill schedule (typically one weekend monthly)
- Annual training coordinated months in advance
- Family Care Plan requirements for dependents
- Employer support through ESGR program
- Alternative drill options (split drills, rescheduling)
- Remote work possibilities for administrative requirements
Risk, Safety, and Legal Considerations
Job Hazards
GMs face several occupational risks:
- Exposure to high-decibel environments during weapons firing
- Potential contact with hazardous materials in ammunition
- Mechanical hazards from moving parts in weapons systems
- Electrical shock risks during electronic troubleshooting
- Heavy lifting requirements for ammunition components
Safety Protocols
The Navy implements comprehensive safety measures:
- Mandatory personal protective equipment (hearing protection, safety glasses)
- Detailed standard operating procedures for all weapons handling
- Two-person integrity rules for ammunition access
- Regular safety stand-downs and training
- Operational Risk Management (ORM) assessment before all evolutions
Security and Legal Requirements
Reserve GMs operate under specific security frameworks:
- Security clearance: Typically Secret (requires background investigation)
- UCMJ jurisdiction during all periods of service
- Eight-year Military Service Obligation (combination of drilling and IRR status)
- Mandatory response to mobilization orders
- Compliance with Navy physical readiness standards
Impact on Family and Personal Life
Family Considerations
Reserve service creates unique family dynamics:
- Predictable absence during monthly drill weekends
- Extended separation during annual training and mobilizations
- Potential stress during pre-deployment preparations
- Pride and sense of purpose from military service
Support systems include:
- Family Readiness Groups at NOSCs
- Military OneSource counseling services
- Ombudsman programs during deployments
- Child care assistance during activations
Relocation and Flexibility
The Reserve component minimizes disruption:
- Initial assignment typically near home of record
- Drill location transfers possible with civilian relocations
- Annual training locations vary but are known months in advance
- Mobilizations may require temporary relocation (6-12 months)
- Hardship considerations for exceptional family circumstances
Post-Service Opportunities
Transition to Civilian Life
GM skills translate effectively to civilian careers:
- Technical maintenance positions in defense contracting
- Law enforcement armorer roles
- Industrial hydraulics and pneumatics technicians
- Quality assurance specialists
- Technical training instructors
Support programs include:
- Transition Assistance Program (TAP)
- Navy COOL certification funding
- Veterans preference in federal hiring
- Networking through veteran service organizations
- Skillbridge internship opportunities prior to separation
| Civilian Career | Median Annual Salary (2025) | Growth Outlook |
|---|---|---|
| Weapons Systems Technician | $72,450 | 5% (Average) |
| Industrial Machinery Mechanic | $58,780 | 8% (Above Average) |
| Law Enforcement Armorer | $65,210 | 3% (Stable) |
| Quality Control Inspector | $54,120 | 4% (Average) |
| Technical Trainer | $67,340 | 7% (Above Average) |
Qualifications, Requirements, and Application Process
Basic Qualifications
Eligibility requirements for Reserve GM rating:
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Age | 17-39 (prior service may qualify for age waivers) |
| Citizenship | U.S. citizenship required |
| Education | High school diploma or equivalent |
| ASVAB Score | Minimum 204 combined (AR+MK+EI+GS) |
| Vision | Normal color perception required |
| Physical | Pass military entrance physical examination |
| Background | Ability to obtain Secret clearance |
Application Process
The enlistment process follows these steps:
- Initial Contact: Meet with a Navy Reserve recruiter
- Pre-Qualification: Verify basic eligibility requirements
- ASVAB Testing: Complete Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
- MEPS Processing: Medical examination and job selection
- Background Check: Security clearance investigation initiated
- Enlistment Contract: Sign agreement specifying terms of service
- Delayed Entry: Typically 1-6 months before training begins
- Ship to Training: Begin Recruit Training followed by “A” School
The timeline from initial contact to beginning training averages 3-6 months.
Selection Criteria and Competitiveness
The GM rating maintains moderate competitiveness:
- Current selection rate: Approximately 65% of qualified applicants
- Priority factors: ASVAB scores, clean background, technical aptitude
- Enhancing factors: Prior mechanical experience, related education, firearms familiarity
- Periodic manning fluctuations affect availability
Is This a Good Job for You? The Right (and Wrong) Fit
Ideal Candidate Profile
The successful Reserve GM typically demonstrates:
- Mechanical aptitude and troubleshooting mindset
- Attention to detail and procedural discipline
- Comfort with firearms and weapons systems
- Ability to balance civilian career with military obligations
- Technical curiosity and continuous learning orientation
- Calm demeanor under pressure
- Methodical approach to complex systems
Potential Challenges
This role may not suit individuals who:
- Prefer predictable, uninterrupted civilian schedules
- Dislike working with weapons or explosives
- Struggle with technical documentation or schematics
- Have difficulty adapting to military hierarchy
- Prefer creative work over procedural maintenance
- Seek immediate gratification rather than systematic progress
- Dislike the physical demands of shipboard environments
Career and Lifestyle Alignment
Consider how the GM rating aligns with your goals:
- Career Enhancement: Ideal for those in technical fields seeking complementary skills
- Service Motivation: Perfect for patriotic individuals wanting to contribute without full-time commitment
- Technical Growth: Excellent for those seeking hands-on experience with advanced systems
- Work-Life Balance: Challenging but manageable for those with supportive employers and families
- Long-Term Prospects: Strong for those considering eventual transition to active duty or defense contracting
More Information
Interested in learning about the Gunner’s Mate rating within the Navy Reserve?
Reach out to your local Navy recruiter right away to receive individualized advice regarding this fulfilling career opportunity.
Recruiters can explain current openings and training schedules and show how incentive programs fit your specific situation.
The Navy’s plan to expand Reserve component size in 2025 creates a great opportunity to become one of their weapons specialists.
You may also be interested in the following related Navy Reserve Enlisted jobs:
